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Makoto KOBAYSHI*
Climate Impact Research Center, Umea University, Vetenskapens Vag, Abisko, 981-07, Sweden
Abstract
1. Non-sorted circle (NSC) is known as a predominant periglacial feature in arctic / sub-arctic tundra. While NSC is known as an important process to affect carbon dynamics as well as species diversity though soil freeze-thaw cycle, the mechanism how NSCs are created is poorly understood. I hypothesized (?) that by making the NSC by myself, I can understand the mechanism behind the establishment of NSC.
2. To test the hypothesis (?), I conducted a microcosm experiment in Abisko, north Scandinavia. All materials used for the microcosm were sampled in Lapporten Stormarknad (N68.349086,E18.835877) in the late fall of 2011. The fresh materials were transported to the private laboratory and kept cool for the following experiment. The microcosm was established on a commonly used 35cm by 45 cm iron pan which was well sterilized before the experiment. Crystalline carbohydrates (Íפ¹¤ë¤Ëº½Åü), organic vessel of Gallus gallus domesticus¡ÊÍפ¹¤ë¤ËÍñ¡Ë, fat extracted from reproductive white liquid produced by Bos Taurus(Íפ¹¤ë¤Ë¥Ð¥¿¡¼), well grained litter of Triticum aestivum (Íפ¹¤ë¤Ë¾®ÇþÊ´) and Camellia sinensis (Íפ¹¤ë¤Ë¤ªÃã¤ÎÍÕ) were well stirred to homogenize and prepare the slurry following the method by Prof. Google (2012). The slurry was put on the pan and oven-dried at 180 oC for 35 minutes to make a base soil. Coincidentally, the same materials which were used for the base soil together with milk product (so called ¡ÈYogult¡É) were stirred and dispensed to small cups and oven-dried for 25 minutes. Here oven-dried substrates were used as miniatures of non-sorted circles. On the surface of base soil, after overlaying the processed chemicals produced from the seed of Theobroma cacao(Íפ¹¤ë¤Ë¥Á¥ç¥³¥ì¡¼¥È), I put above-mentioned miniatures of NSC randomly to represent a patterned ground landscape. Among the NSCs, I put fresh reproductive organs of Actinidia deliciosa ¡Ê¥¥¦¥¤¡Ëand Vitis vinifera (¥Þ¥¹¥«¥Ã¥È)to demonstrate the dry heath vegetation.
3. The dried litter of Camellia sinensis in the base soil drastically represented the situation that organic matter was mixed into the mineral soil through the soil freeze-thaw cycle in NSCs. Furthermore, the dark chemical on the surface soil significantly represent the buried organic layer which is a key feature in NSCs system. However, the chlorophyll contents in Actinidia deliciosa and Vitis vinifera were too high to represent the heath vegetation.
4. Overall I want to believe that I got important knowledge about the mechanism how NSCs are established in subarctic tundra. The global change is predicted to affect the soil freeze-thaw-cycles in high latitude. For the further perspective, the incubation of this microcosm in the various environments (e.g. increased temperature, more snow depth, more nitrogen deposition) will help us to predict how the global change affect the ecosystem function through the change of NSCs in Abisko.
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